NiF₂/NaF:CaF₂/Ca Solid-State High-Temperature Battery Cells

Solid-state design mitigates parasitic self-discharge reactions to facilitate longer operational life.

Experiments and theoretical study have demonstrated the promise of all-solid-state, high-temperature electrochemical battery cells based on NiF₂ as the active cathode material, CaF₂ doped with NaF as the electrolyte material, and Ca as the active anode material. These and other all-solid-state cells have been investigated in a continuing effort to develop batteries for instruments that must operate in environments much hotter than can be withstood by ordinary commercially available batteries. Batteries of this type are needed for exploration of Venus (where the mean surface temperature is about 450 °C), and could be used on Earth for such applications as measuring physical and chemical conditions in geothermal wells and oil wells.